The ever increasing price of petrol, and the growing visible problems related to global warming as a result of green house effects due to the use of, among others, high carbon emitting non-renewable energy sources such as oil, gas and coal as well as the potential depletion of these non-renewable energy resources give a good reason to rethink about the use of other alternatives of energy. Renewable energy sources such as hydropower, wind, and solar are the main alternative energy sources which have so far been under developed.

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In the case when groundwater contamination is detected, it becomes essential to determine the extent, level and source of contamination. Conventionally, among many others, determination of the extent and level of contamination is undertaken by taking as many samples as possible from several points . In general, this requires the installation of several observation wells. As a result, the cost of such operations can be very high, especially when high sampling resolution is required. Moreover, drilling of a large number of monitoring wells could also be constrained by geological and land-use factors. Other methods such as forward mathematical models require knowledge of source parameters. But in many cases, especially in complex industrial areas, the origin of contamination is not known and determining it could require costly investigations.

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